Internet
Glossary
A B C D
E F G H
I J K L
M N O P
Q R S T
U V W X
Y Z
General
Website Questions
What
type of website should I build?
What do I need to construct my website?
How do I promote my website?
How
can I accept credit cards?
What sort of maintenance does my website
need?
Surebuy
Clients' Questions
Coming
Soon.
- BACK
/ FORWARD
- Buttons
in most browsers' Tool Button Bar,
upper left. BACK returns you to the document previously
viewed. FORWARD goes to the next document, after you go
BACK.
- If
it seems like the BACK button does not work, check if you
are in a new Netscape window; some Web pages are programmed
to open a new window when you click on some links.
Each window has its own short-term search HISTORY.
If this does not work, use GO to select
the page you want (some Web pages are programmed to disable
BACK).
- BLOG
or WEB LOG
- A
blog (short for "web log") is a type of web page that serves
as a publicly accessible personal journal (or log) for an
individual. Typically updated daily, blogs often reflect
the personality of the author. Blog software usually has
archives of old blogs, and is searchable. Frequently blogging
software is used by web pages providing excellent information
on many topics, although very frequently the content is
personal and requires VERY careful evaluation.
- BOOKMARK/FAVORITES
- Way
in Netscape to store in your computer direct links to sites
you wish to return to. The equivalent in Internet Explorer
(IE) is called a "Favorite." To create a bookmark in Netscape,
click on BOOKMARKS, then ADD BOOKMARK. Or left-click on
and drag the little bookmark icon (in Netscape 4.6 and higher,
to the right of the word BOOKMARK) to the place you want
a new bookmark filed. To visit a bookmarked site, click
on BOOKMARKS and select the site from the list.
- The
equivalent in Internet Explorer to Netscape's Bookmarks
is called "Favorites."
- You
can download a bookmark file to diskette and install it
on another computer. To do this in Netscape, select BOOKMARKS,
then EDIT BOOKMARKS, then, in the FILE menu, select SAVE
AS. To do this in IE, select from the main browser tool
bar FILE, then Import and Export... and follow directions
for exporting to a file. Import (part of the same IE program)
allows you to bring a Netscape Bookmark file into IE as
Favorites.
- BOOLEAN
LOGIC
- Way
to combine terms using "operators" such as "AND," "OR,"
"AND NOT" and sometimes "NEAR." AND requires all terms appear
in a record. OR retrieves records with either term. AND
NOT excludes terms. Parentheses may be used to sequence
operations and group words. Always enclose terms joined
by OR with parentheses. Which
search engines have this?
- See
+REQUIRE or -REJECT TERM and FUZZY AND. Want a more extensive
explanation of Boolean logic, with illustrations?
- BROWSE
- To
follow links in a page, to shop around in a page, exploring
what's there, a bit like window shopping. The opposite of
browsing a page is searching it. When you search
a page, you find a search box, enter terms, and find all
occurrences of the terms throughout the site. When you browse,
you have to guess which words on the page pertain to your
interests. Searching is usually more efficient, but sometimes
you find things by browsing that you might not find because
you might not think of the "right" term to search by.
- BROWSERS
- Browsers
are software programs that enable you to view WWW documents.
They "translate" HTML-encoded files into the text, images,
sounds, and other features you see. Microsoft Internet Explorer
(called simply IE), Netscape,
Mosaic, Macweb, and Mozilla
Firefox are examples of browsers that enable you to
view text and images and many other WWW features. They are
software that must be installed on your computer.
- CACHE
- In
browsers, "cache" is used to identify a space where web
pages you have visited are stored in your computer. A copy
of documents you retrieve is stored in cache. When you use
GO, BACK, or any other means to revisit a document, the
browser first checks to see if it is in cache and will retrieve
it from there because it is much faster than retrieving
it from the server.
- CACHED
LINK
- In
search results from Google, Yahoo! Search, and some other
search engines, there is usually a Cached link which allows
you to view the version of a page that the search engine
has stored in its database. The live page on the web might
differ from this cached copy, because the cached copy dates
from whenever the search engine's spider
last visited the page and detected modified content. Use
the cached link to see when a page was last crawled and,
in Google, where your terms are and why you got a page when
all of your search terms are not in it.
- CASE
SENSITIVE
- Capital
letters (upper case) retrieve only upper case. Most search
tools are not case sensitive or only respond to initial
capitals, as in proper names. It is always safe to key all
lower case (no capitals), because lower case will always
retrieve upper case. Which
search engines have this?
-
CGI
- "Common
Gateway Interface," the most common way Web programs interact
dynamically with users. Many search boxes and other applications
that result in a page with content tailored to the user's
search terms rely on CGI to process the data once it's submitted,
to pass it to a background program in JAVA,
JAVASCRIPT, or another programming
language, and then to integrate the response into a display
using HTML.
- COOKIE
- A
message from a WEB SERVER computer,
sent to and stored by your browser
on your computer. When your computer consults the originating
server computer, the cookie is sent back to the server,
allowing it to respond to you according to the cookie's
contents. The main use for cookies is to provide customized
Web pages according to a profile of your interests. When
you log onto a "customize" type of invitation on a Web page
and fill in your name and other information, this may result
in a cookie on your computer which that Web page will access
to appear to "know" you and provide what you want. If you
fill out these forms, you may also receive e-mail and other
solicitation independent of cookies.
- COUNTERS
- Graphics
of numbers on a Web page that state how many visitors have
entered a site. More common on personal sites than on business
pages (their counters are normally hidden from public view).
- DOMAIN,
TOP LEVEL DOMAIN (TLD)
- Hierarchical
scheme for indicating logical and sometimes geographical
venue of a web-page from the network. In the US, common
domains are .edu (education), .gov (government agency),
.net (network related), .com (commercial), .org (nonprofit
and research organizations). Outside the US, domains indicate
country: ca (Canada), uk (United Kingdom), au (Australia),
jp (Japan), fr (France), etc. Neither of these lists is
exhaustive. See also DNS entry.
- DOMAIN
NAME, DOMAIN NAME SERVER (DNS)ENTRY
- Any
of these terms refers to the initial part of a URL,
down to the first /, where the domain and name of the host
or SERVER computer are listed (most
often in reversed order, name first, then domain). The domain
name gives you who "published" a page, made it public by
putting it on the Web.
- A
domain name is translated in huge tables standardized across
the Internet into a numeric IP address
unique the host computer sought. These tables are maintained
on computers called "Domain Name Servers." Whenever you
ask the browser to find a URL, the browser must consult
the table on the domain name server that particular computer
is networked to consult.
- "Domain
Name Server entry" frequently appears a browser error message
when you try to enter a URL. If this
lookup fails for any reason, the "lacks DNS entry" error
occurs. The most common remedy is simply to try the URL
again, when the domain name server is less busy, and it
will find the entry (the corresponding numeric IP address).
For more information, see "All
About Domain Names."
-
- DOWNLOAD
- To
copy something from a primary source to a more peripheral
one, as in saving something found on the Web (currently
located on its server) to diskette
or to a file on your local hard drive. More
information.
- EXTENSION
or FILE EXTENSION
- In
Windows, DOS and some other operating systems, one or several
letters at the end of a filename. Filename extensions usually
follow a period (dot) and indicate the type of file. For
example, this.txt denotes a plain text file, that.htm
or that.html denotes an HTML
file. Some common image extensions are picture.jpg
or picture.jpeg or picture.bmp or picture.gif
- FAVORITES
- In
the Internet Explorer browser, a
means to get back to a URL you like, similar to Netscape's
Bookmarks.
- FIELD
SEARCHING
- Ability
to limit a search by requiring word or phrase to appear
in a specific field of documents (e.g., title, url, link).
See LIMITING TO FIELD.
- FIND
- Button
in Netscape Tool Button Bar at top. Searches for word(s)
keyed in document in screen only. Useful to locate a term
in a long document. Can be invoked by the keyboard command,
Ctrl+F.
- FRESHNESS
- How
up-to-date a search engine database is, based primarily
on how often its spiders recirculate
around the Web and update their copies of the web pages
they hold, and discover new ones. Also determined by how
quickly they integrate new sites that web authors send to
them. Two weeks is about as good as most search engines
do, but some update certain selected web sites more frequently.
- FRAMES
- A
format for web documents that divides the screen into segments,
each with a scroll bar as if it were as "window" within
the window. Usually, selecting a category of documents in
one frame shows the contents of the category in another
frame. To go BACK in a frame, position the cursor in the
frame an press the right mouse button, and select "Back
in frame" (or Forward).
- You
can adjust frame dimensions by positioning the cursor over
the border between frames and dragging the border up/down
or right/left holding the mouse button down over the border.
- FTP
- File
Transfer Protocol. Ability to transfer rapidly entire files
from one computer to another, intact for viewing or other
purposes. Used for uploading website files to the server,
for instance.
- FUZZY
AND
- In
ranking of results, documents
with all terms (Boolean AND) are ranked first, followed
by documents containing any terms (Boolean OR) are retrieved.
The farther down, the fewer the terms, although at least
one should always be present.
- GO
- Button
in Netscape Menu Bar at top. Provides list of recent sites
you visited, retained for the current session only. Click
on any site in the list to return to the site. For a more
permanent marker, make a BOOKMARK.
- HEAD
or HEADER (of HTML document)
- The
top portion of the HTML source code behind Web pages, beginning
with <HEAD> and ending with </HEAD>. It contains
the Title, Description, Keywords fields
and others that web page authors may use to describe the
page. The title appears in the title bar of most browsers,
but the other fields cannot be seen as part of the body
of the page. To view the <HEAD> portion of web pages
in Netscape, click VIEW, Page Source. In Internet Explorer,
click VIEW, Source. Some search engines will retrieve based
on text in these fields.
- HISTORY,
Search History
- Available
by using the combined keystrokes CTRL + H, a more permanent
record of sites you have visited/retrieved than GO.
You can set how many days your Netscape retains history
in Edit | Preferences, and in Internet Explorer in Tools
| Internet Options ? General.
- HOST
- Computer
that provides web-documents to clients or users. See also
server.
- HTML
- Hypertext
Markup Language. A standardized language of computer code,
imbedded in "source" documents behind all Web documents,
containing the textual content, images, links to other documents
(and possibly other applications such as sound or motion),
and formatting instructions for display on the screen. When
you view a Web page, you are looking at the product of this
code working behind the scenes in conjunction with your
browser. Browsers are programmed to interpret HTML for display.
- HTML
often imbeds within it other programming languages and applications
such as SGML, XML, Javascript, CGI-script and more. It is
possible to deliver or access and execute virtually any
program via the WWW.
- You
can see HTML in Netscape by selecting the View pop-down
menu tab, then "Document Source." If you download a document
as "Source," the file will contain HTML markup codes and
can be viewed in Netscape and other browsers.
- HYPERTEXT
- On
the World Wide Web, the feature, built into HTML,
that allows a text area, image, or other object to become
a "link" (as if in a chain) that retrieves
another computer file (another Web page, image, sound file,
or other document) on the Internet.
The range of possibilities is limited by the ability of
the computer retrieving the outside file to view, play,
or otherwise open the incoming file. It needs to have software
that can interact with the imported file. Many software
capabilities of this type are built into browsers or can
be added as "plug-ins."
- INTERNET
(Upper case I)
- The
vast collection of interconnected networks that all use
the TCP/IP protocols and that evolved
from the ARPANET of the late 60’s and early 70’s.
An "internet" (lower case i) is any computers connected
to each other (a network), and are not part of the Internet
unless the use TCP/IP protocols. An "intranet" is a private
network inside a company or organization that uses the same
kinds of software that you would find on the public Internet,
but that is only for internal use. An intranet may be on
the Internet or may simply be a network.
- IP
Address or IP Number
- (Internet
Protocol number or address). A unique number consisting
of 4 parts separated by dots, e.g. 165.113.245.2
- Every
machine that is on the Internet has
a unique IP address. If a machine does not have an IP number,
it is not really on the Internet. Most machines also have
one or more Domain Names that are
easier for people to remember.
- ISP
or Internet Service Provider
- A
company that sells Internet connections via modem (examples:
aol, Mindspring - thousands
of ISPs to choose from; not easy to evaluate). Faster, more
expensive Internet connectivity is available via cable,
DSL,
ISDN,
or web-TV.
Often these companies also provide Web page hosting
service (free or relatively inexpensive web pages -- the
origin of many personal pages).
- JAVA
- A
network-oriented programming language invented by Sun Microsystems
that is specifically designed for writing programs that
can be safely downloaded to your computer through the Internet
and immediately run without fear of viruses or other harm
to our computer or files. Using small Java programs (called
"Applets"), Web pages can include functions such as animations,
calculators, and other fancy tricks. We can expect to see
a huge variety of features added to the Web using Java,
since you can write a Java program to do almost anything
a regular computer program can do, and then include that
Java program in a Web page. For more information search
any of these jargon terms in the PC
Webopedia.
- JAVASCRIPT
- A
simple programming language developed by Netscape to enable
greater interactivity in Web pages. It shares some characteristics
with JAVA but is independent. It interacts
with HTML, enabling dynamic content
and motion.
- KEYWORD(S)
- A
word searched for in a search command. Keywords are searched
in any order. Use spaces to separate keywords in simple
keyword searching. To search keywords exactly as keyed (in
the same order), see PHRASE.
- LIMITING
TO A FIELD
- Requiring
that a keyword or phrase appear in a specific field of documents
retrieved. Most often used to limit to the "Title" field
in order to find documents primarily about one or more keywords.
(Can be used for other fields. See the table
summarizing search tools features.)
- LINK
- The
URL imbedded in another document, so that if you click on
the highlighted text or button referring to the link, you
retrieve the outside URL. If you search the field "link:",
you retrieve on text in these imbedded URLs which you do
not see in the documents.
- LINK
"ROT"
- Term
used to describe the frustrating and frequent problem caused
by the constant changing in URLs. A Web page or search tool
offers a link and when you click on it, you get an error
message (e.g., "not available") or a page saying the site
has moved to a new URL. Search engine spiders
cannot keep up with the changes. URLs change frequently
because the documents are moved to new computers, the file
structure on the computer is reorganized, or sites are discontinued.
If there is no referring link to the new URL, there is little
you can do but try to search for the same or an equivalent
site from scratch.
- LISTSERVERS
- A
discussion group mechanism that permits you to subscribe
and receive and participate in discussions via e-mail. For
more information see the Beyond
General Web Searching Listservers section or attend
Part III of these Web courses.
- META-SEARCH
ENGINE
- Search
engines that automatically submit your keyword search to
several other search tools, and retrieve results from all
their databases. Convenient time-savers for relatively simple
keyword searches (one or two keywords or phrases in " ").
See Meta-Search
Engines page for complete descriptions and examples.
- META
TAGS
- An
element of HTML coding on a website
that is used by search engines to index a website. Most
meta-tags are included within the 'header' code of a website
and the most important tags are the title, description and
keyword tags. Rules used by different search engines govern
how such tags are used, how many characters they should
contain, and how they should be formatted.
- MERCHANT
ACCOUNT
- A
Merchant Account is simply a relationship between a retailer
and a merchant bank that enables retailers to accept web-based
credit card payments from their customers. This is the account
into which a Merchant Account Provider deposits payments
into your business checking account from the transactions
made online. To qualify for a merchant account, retailers
must meet the bank's requirements.
- NESTING
- A
term used in Boolean searching to
indicate the sequence in which operations are to be performed.
Enclosing words in parentheses identifies a group or "nest."
Groups can be within other groups. The operations will be
performed from the innermost nest to the outmost, and then
from left to right.
- NEWSGROUP
- A
discussion group operated through the Internet. Not to be
confused with LISTSERVERS which operate through e-mail.
- PACKET,
PACKET JAM
- When
you retrieve a document via the WWW, the document is sent
in "packets" which fit in between other messages on the
telecommunications lines, and then are reassembled when
they arrive at your end. This occurs using TCP/IP
protocol. The packets may be sent via different paths
on the networks which carry the Internet. If any of these
packets gets delayed, your document cannot be reassembled
and displayed. This is called a "packet jam." You can often
resolve packet jams by pressing STOP then RELOAD on your
browser. RELOAD requests a fresh copy of the document, and
it is likely to be sent without jamming.
- PERSONAL
PAGE
- A
web page created by an individual (as opposed to someone
creating a page for an institution, business, organization,
or other entity). Often personal pages contain valid and
useful opinions, links to important resources, and significant
facts. One of the greatest benefits of the Web is the freedom
it as given almost anyone to put his or her ideas "out there."
But frequently personal pages offer highly biased personal
perspectives or ironical/satirical spoofs, which must be
evaluated
carefully. The presence in the page's URL of a personal
name (such as "jbarker") and a ~ or % or the word "users"
or "people" or "members" very frequently indicate a site
offering personal pages.
- PDF
or .pdf or pdf file
- Abbreviation
for Portable Document Format, a file format developed by
Adobe Systems, that is used to capture almost any kind of
document with the formatting in the original. Viewing a
PDF file requires Acrobat Reader, which is built into most
browsers and can be downloaded
free from Adobe.
- PHRASE
- More
than one KEYWORD, searched exactly
as keyed (all terms required to be in documents, in the
order keyed). Enclosing keywords in quotations " " forms
a phrase in AltaVista, , and some other search tools. Some
times a phrase is called a "character string."
- PLUG-IN
- An
application built into a browser or added to a browser to
enable it to interact with a special file type (such as
a movie, sound file, Word document, etc.)
- POPULARITY
RANKING of search results
- Some
search engines rank the order in
which search results appear primarily by how many other
sites link to each page (a kind of popularity vote based
on the assumption that other pages would create a link to
the "best" pages). Google
is the best example of this. See also Subject-Based
Ranking.
- +REQUIRE
or -REJECT A TERM OR PHRASE
- Insert
+ immediately before a term (no space) to limit search to
documents containing a term. Insert - immediately before
a term (no space) to exclude documents containing a term.
Can be used immediately (no space) before the " " delimiting
a phrase.
- Functions
partially like basic BOOLEAN LOGIC.
If + precedes more than one term, they are required as with
Boolean AND. If - is used, terms are excluded as with Boolean
AND NOT. If neither + no - is used, the default if Boolean
OR. However, full Boolean logic allows parentheses to group
and sequence logical operations, and +/- do not. Which
search engines have this?
- RELEVANCY
RANKING of search results
- The
most common method for determining the order in which search
results are displayed. Each search tool uses its own unique
algorithm. Most use "fuzzy and"
combined with factors such as how often your terms occur
in documents, whether they occur together as a phrase, and
whether they are in title or how near the top of the text.
Popularity is another ranking
system.
- SCRIPT
- A
script is a type of programming language that can be used
to fetch and display Web pages. There are may kinds and
uses of scripts on the Web. They can be used to create all
or part of a page, and communicate with searchable databases.
Forms (boxes) and many interactive links, which respond
differently depending on what you enter, all require some
kind of script language. When you find a question marke
(?) in the URL of a page, some kind of script command was
used in generating and/or delivering that page. Most search
engine spiders are instructed not
to crawl pages from scripts, although it is usually technically
possible for them to do so (see Invisible
Web for more information).
- SCROLL
(DOWN, UP, LEFT, RIGHT)
- Moving
up or down within a document in your screen. Use scroll
bar at right. Click on arrow down or arrow up. Drag the
scroll button down or up. Or click on the page up or page
down icons at the bottom of the bar. If you need to scroll
left or right, use the scroll bar at the bottom.
- SEARCH
ENGINE
- Software
that enables users to search the World Wide Web and
USENET newsgroups
using keywords. Examples of
well known services of this type are AltaVista
and Google!.
- SERVER,
WEB SERVER
- A
computer running that software, assigned an IP
address, and connected to the Internet
so that it can provide documents via the World Wide Web.
Also called HOST computer. Web servers are the closest equivalent
to what in the print world is called the "publisher" of
a print document. An important difference is that most print
publishers carefully edit the content and quality of their
publications in an effort to market them and future publications.
This convention is not required in the Web world, where
anyone can be a publisher; careful evaluation
of Web pages is therefore mandatory. Also called a "Host."
- SERVER-SIDE
- Something
that operates on the "server" computer
(providing the Web page), as opposed to the "client" computer
(which is you or someone else viewing the Web page). Usually
it is a program or command or procedure or other application
causes dynamic pages or animation or other interaction.
- SHOPPING
CART
- A
list of items a customer wants to purchase from an online
storefront. Shopping cart software allows customers on an
electronic commerce Web site to select items they wish to
purchase and store them in their virtual shopping cart.
Customers can view, add, or delete items in their shopping
cart before making their electronic purchase. Requires your
server to enable scripts and cgi.
- SHTML,
usually seen as .shtml
- An
file name extension that identifies web pages containing
SSI commands.
- SITE
or WEB-SITE
- This
term is often used to mean "web page," but there is supposed
to be a difference. A web page is a single entity, one URL,
one file that you might find on the Web. A "site," properly
speaking, is an location or gathering or center for a bunch
of related pages linked to from that site. For example,
the site for the present tutorial is the top-level page
"Internet
Resources." All of the pages associated with it branch
out from there -- the web
searching tutorial and all its pages, and more. Together
they make up a "site." When we estimate there are 5 billion
web pages on the Web, we do not mean "sites." There would
be far fewer sites.
- SPIDERS
- Computer
robot programs, referred to sometimes as "crawlers" or "knowledge-bots"
or "knowbots" that are used by search engines to roam the
World Wide Web via the Internet, visit sites and databases,
and keep the search engine database of web pages up to date.
They obtain new pages, update known pages, and delete obsolete
ones. Their findings are then integrated into the "home"
database.
- Most
large search engines operate several robots all the time.
Even so, the Web is so enormous that it can take six months
for spiders to cover it, resulting in a certain degree of
"out-of-datedness" (link rot) in
all the search engines.
- SPONSOR
(of a Web page or site)
- Many
Web pages have organizations, businesses, institutions like
universities or nonprofit foundations, or other interests
which "sponsor" the page. Frequently you can find a link
titled "Sponsors" or an "About us" link explaining who or
what (if anyone) is sponsoring the page. Sometimes the advertisers
on the page (banner ads, links, buttons to sites that sell
or promote something) are "sponsors." WHY is this important?
Sponsors and the funding they provide may, or may not,
influence what can be said on the page or site -- can bias
what you find, by excluding some opposing viewpoint or causing
some other imbalanced information. The site is not bad because
of sponsors, but you they should alert you to the need to
evaluate
a page or site very carefully.
- SSI
commands
- SSI
stands for "server-side include," a type of HTML instruction
telling a computer that serves Web pages to dynamically
generate data, usually by inserting certain variable contents
into a fixed template or boilerplate Web page. Used especially
in database searches.
- STEMMING
- In
keyword searching, word endings are automatically removed
(lines becomes line); searches are performed
on the stem + common endings (line or lines
retrieves line, lines, line's, lines', lining, lined).
Not very common as a practice, and not always disclosed.
Can usually be avoided by placing a term in " ".
- STOP
WORDS
- In
database searching, "stop words" are small and frequently
occurring words like and, or, in, of that are often
ignored when keyed as search terms. Sometimes putting them
in quotes " " will allow you to search them. Sometimes +
immediately before them makes them searchable. See Table
of Search Engine features.
- SUBJECT-BASED
POPULARITY RANKING of search results
- A
variation on popularity ranking
in which the links in pages on the same subject are used
to in ranking search results. Used by Teoma.
- SUBJECT
DIRECTORY
- An
approach to Web documents by a lexicon of subject terms
hierarchically grouped. May be browsed or searched by keywords.
Subject directories are smaller than other searchable databases,
because of the human involvement required to classify documents
by subject.
- SUB-SEARCHING
- Ability
to search only within the results of a previous search.
Enables you to refine search results, in effect making the
computer "read" the search results for you selecting documents
with terms you sub-search on. Can function much like RESULTS
RANKING.
- TCP/IP
- (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) -- This is the suite
of protocols that defines the Internet.
Originally designed for the UNIX operating system, TCP/IP
software is now available for every major kind of computer
operating system. To be truly on the Internet, your computer
must have TCP/IP software. See also IP
Address.
- TELNET
- Internet
service allowing one computer to log onto another, connecting
as if not remote.
- THESAURUS
- In
some search tools, the terms you choose to search on can
lead you to other terms you may not have thought of. Different
search tools have different ways of presenting this information,
sometimes with suggested words you may choose among and
sometimes automatically. The terms are based on the terms
in the results of your search, not on some dictionary-like
thesaurus.
- THIRD
PARTY MERCHANT
- One
of numerous companies around that accept credit cards payments
on an e-vendors behalf in exchange for various fees and
percentages, e.g., PayPal
and CCBill.
- TITLE
(of a document)
- The
official title of a document from the "meta" field called
title. The text of this meta title field may or may not
also occur in the visible body of the document. It is what
appears in the top bar of the window when you display the
document and it is the title that appears in search engine
results. The "meta" field called title is not mandatory
in HTML coding. Sometimes you retrieve a document
with "No Title" as its supposed title; this is caused when
the meta-title field is left blank.
- In
Alta Vista and some other search tools, title: search
also matches on the "meta" field, which contains document
descriptors not displayed on the Web. See also LIMITING
TO A FIELD.
- TRAFFIC
- The
number and types of people who come to a Web site. Measured
in many different ways.
- TRUNCATION
- In
a search, the ability to enter the first part of a keyword,
insert a symbol (usually *), and accept any variant spellings
or word endings, from the occurrence of the symbol forward.
(E.g., femini* retrieves feminine, feminism, feminism,
etc.)
- UPLOAD
- Transferring
data (usually a file) from a the computer you are using
to another computer, as for example, transferring information
from a computer to a web site. The opposite of download.
- URL
Uniform
Resource Locator. The unique address of any Web document.
May be keyed in Netscape's OPEN or Netscape's LOCATION
/ GO TO box to retrieve a document. There is a logic the
layout of a URL:
- Anatomy
of a URL:
| Type
of file (could say ftp:// or telnet://)
|
Domain
name (computer file is on and its location on the
Internet) |
Path
or directory on the computer to this file
|
Name
of file, and its file extension (usually ending
in .html or .htm) |
| http://
|
www.yourdomain.com/
|
yourproducts/widgets/acme/
|
FindInfo.html
|
- USENET
- Bulletinboard-like
network featuring thousands of "newsgroups." .
- WEB
HOST
- The
computer or server which has your active website on it.
The server where your web site's html files, graphics,
etc. reside is known as the web host. To host a website,
a host computer must have proper server software, connection
capacity for the traffic that comes to the website and
a unique and static internet protocol (IP) address. An
IP address looks like 4 sets of numbers separated by periods,
ie “161.58.207.99” A uniform resource locator,
or URL, is a unique name that has been assigned to a static
IP of a specific host computer making it easier to find
a website.
WORD
VARIANTS
- Different
word endings (such as -ing, -s, es, -ism, -ist,etc.)
will be retrieved only if you allow for them in your search
terms. One way to do this TRUNCATION,
but few systems accept truncation. Another way is to enter
the variants either separated by BOOLEAN
OR (and grouped in parentheses). In +REQUIRE/-REJECT
non-Boolean systems, enter the variant terms preceded
with neither + nor -, because this will allow documents
containing any of them to retrieved.
- XHTML
- A
variant of HTML. Stands for Extensible
Hypertext Markup Language is a hybrid between HTML and
XML that is more universally acceptable
in Web pages and search engines than XML.
- XML
- Extensible
Markup Language, a dilution for Web page use of SGML (Standard
General Markup Language), which is not readily viewable
in ordinary browsers and is difficult to apply to Web pages.
XML is very useful (among other things) for pages emerging
from databases and other applications where parts of the
page are standardized and must reappear many times. See
XHTML.
TYPES OF WEBSITES
-
For
the purposes of business, there are four general categories
of websites: e-commerce sites, content sites, lead-generation
sites, and self-service sites. Each type of site has a
specific purpose. E-commerce sites are intended to sell
merchandise, content sites are intended to sell subscription
services, lead generation sites generate sales possibilities
(most often for high dollar items), and self-service sites
are intended to improve customer service and satisfaction.
It is within these categories of sites that a company
is able to begin establishing metrics for success and
planning towards achieving them. Information is the core
component to each of the website types, and the main building
block for making a website successful.
An
e-commerce site’s main objective is to increase
sales and decrease marketing expenses. (Eisenberg, digital-web.com)
An e-commerce site will measure metrics such as sales,
returns, unique visitors, cost-per-visitor, conversion
ratios, customer satisfaction, and many more. The truly
unique aspect of a website versus other tools of business
is that nearly everything is measurable. This is still
one of the most under utilized aspects of a website that
has seemingly been neglected by many small businesses.
The
main objective of a content site is to increase the level
of interest, the number of readers, and the length of
time spent at the site. Content sites generally have advertising
or subscription based revenue models, often consisting
of a hybrid mix of the two models. Some of the measurements
of success for a content site include unique visitors,
click-through rates on advertisements, number of subscribers
and cancellations, and average length of visit.
WEBSITE
BUILDING CHECKLIST
When planning your website, think in terms of assembling
these key elements:
Logo: Your logo, besides its function
as a design element; a picture is always worth a thousand
words and having an image is critical to branding and
site recognition.
Banner: A banner adds a graphical element
in which you can state the purpose of your website, your
slogan, your name.
Date last edited: This element will tell
your visitor that you keep your pages fresh and living.
Title: a general title states the content
of the current page and is the primaray element that search
engines will read when crawling your website.
Categories and content: Divide your content
into a few categories. Have general sections that are
content relevent allowing a simple navigation menu.
Navigation Menu: Have a clearly defined
navigation menu on each page that allows a user to get
to any major section on your website.
Copyright message: Usually found at the
bottom, this element stresses that you work hard to deliver
useful content and that you want to keep it yours.
Counter: A counter keeps track of your
visitors. If you want people to realize how busy your
website is and how many people are using it. People may
see a more visited site and a better website.
Links to other sites: Have a links page to other
relevant sites. Exchange links with other people in your
industry (not direct competitors, of course).
Graphics: A few well-chosen graphic elements
will enhance your page and make it aesthectically pleasing
and more enjoyable to readers. Don't overdo it, though,
users are at your site for information that leads them
to buy.
Link to homepage: Make sure you include a link
to your homepage on every page. People will access your
site on any of the pages, you always want to get them
to the homepage.
Things
you can add
Member entrance: If you want to protect
a section of your site (for example, allowing vendors
access to prices that you do not want their buyers to
see), you can "pass word protect" it using .htaccess
files (apache only).
Date today: A current date, often placed
in the top right corner, will establish a feeling of "this
site is up-to-date". Of course this does not mean
you don't have to update the page often! Use a dynamic
script to input the date in the page.
Search this site: If your site is large,
you should be able to search the entire website for content.
Put in favorites: Visitors can click
this link and the page will be added to their favorites
using a Javascript-based script.
Email page: Visitors are encouraged to
let other people know that your site contains something
of interest for them.
Print this page: Especially if you have
a content-rich site with a good layout, visitors will
like to print your webpage for further reference.
Downloadable material: Compose downloadable
material and put it on your website. Not only freeware
counts, also documents, templates, graphic material, and
other stuff people are interested in.
Contact information: If you're not afraid of
giving away personal information, put your email address
at the bottom of each page.
Guest book: A guest book allows your
visitors to leave a comment about you or your site. Can
be ugly if you allow anyone to post commets, vistiors
are not always nice.
Link to us: Explain to your visitors that you
are ready to exchange links with them if they want to.
Have banners or images ready with linking codes that people
can copy and paste to their website.
Affiliate Programs: Have a pay-for-click-thru
program that affiliates can sign up for and send you traffic.
You can pay them directly or exchange traffic on a 1:1
ratio.
-
WEBSITE
PROMOTION CHECKLIST
- You've
built an attractive and up-to-date website with all the
bells and whistles. Great. Now your task is to get visitors
to your site. It isn't as hard as you think. Just remember
that your website is a flexible marketing tool that needs
to change as your business changes, and therefore needs
to be updated and optimized often. Here is a list of things
to consider.
• Submit website to the major search
engines and directories.
• Install links from related sites within your industry.
• Periodically check to see if website appears in
the top results in search engines and
directories for all key words and terms related to
my products or services.
- •
Use counters and other website
management tools to check such indicators as page popularity,
page stickiness, traffic, traffic
origins, etc., to focus and optimize your website to the
customer you really want to attract.
• Make sure your most important pages have been
optimized to ensure they will attain prominent positioning
in the search engines for all key words and terms related
to my products or services introduced on those pages.
• Your site should be listed in the important directories
in the best categories with the best titles and descriptions
possible.
• Regularly use website optimization and positioning
techniques to ensure your site will maintain prominent
rankings.
• Use Titles and Meta
Tags intelligently to attain high positions and attract
visitors.
• In general, make sure your site is attracting
visitors that are looking for the information and service
you provide.
-
-
First you need to set up a shopping cart
system on your web pages. This requires the Surebuy
Business Package so that CGI is enabled.
Then you need a merchant account.
Unless you have a merchant account with a financial institution
(and thereby meet their rather stringent requirements),
you need to use a third-party merchant
account. Here is a list of some of them. Surebuy.Net receives
no interest, financial or otherwise from any of the companies
listed below, nor do we in any way endorse their (presumably
fine) services. Please do your own research; financial relationships
are too important to leave to a link on a web page. These
firms are listed as a starting point for your research.
-
-
| Company |
Setup
Fees |
Transaction
Fees |
Limitations |
|
No
setup fees |
Vary. |
~ |
|
No
setup fee |
9%
per transaction except in the November and December
where the fees are 8% |
This
is only for people who ship tangible goods. |
|
$49.95 |
$1
plus 7.5% of sale price |
Only
for people who sell services or deliver electronic
(downloadable) products over the internet. |
|
Unknown |
13.9%
per transaction |
For
software authors only. |
|
None |
15%
per transaction, less if you sell $10,000 or more. |
Reputable
but expensive. |
|
No
setup fee |
6.5%
up to a maximum of $3.00... plus 3.5% plus $0.50
for processing costs |
~ |
|
None. |
Premier
or Business account user: US$0.25 for transactions
of US$15 and below, 1.9% plus $0.25 for transactions
above $15 when your customers pay by credit card.
|
Customers
must sign up for their services |
|
$35
setup fee |
No
monthly charges. |
US
Residents only. |
|
Unknown |
20%
per transaction, minimum of US$2.00 ; Other charges
may apply |
For
software authors. |
|
Unknown |
$2.95
plus 4% per order and $1.95 plus 4% for the 1000th
order of the month. Check charge may apply. |
For
shareware authors. |
|
No
setup fee. |
Transaction
fees range from 4.9% to 6.9% of your sale price
plus $0.99. |
~ |
|
Unknown |
Depends
on number of sales and prices of product. |
For
shareware authors. |
WEBSITE
MAINTENANCE
As
stated above, websites are not meant to be static brochures
or electronic billboards. They are designed to be flexible,
easily updated, and dynamic marketing tools. Websites need
maintence just like any other tool we may use in every day
life, and should be done at least quarterly. Most website
maintenance jobs include at least the following:
• Content update, announcements, articles, etc.
• Replace images i.e. Pictures & graphics
• Adding/removing pages
• Image manipulation and addition (client supplied images)
• Newsletter & email list maintenance
• Shopping cart product updates
• Website modification and addition of website content
• Pdf creation and uploading
|
|